The problem of defining family’s legal relations in the procedure of mediation

Abstract

Limiting the scope of mediation application with individual categories of legal disputes, the legislation overlooked the stage of their classification. A special problem is the definition of the sphere of family relations, that, as a rule, are defined as the relations regulated by family legislation. The family code does not disclose the meaning of the concept of «family members» and does not contain a finished list of subjects of the family relationship. It does not reflect specific features of a legal dispute. The definition of family legal relations only as relations, regulated by the family law, unjustifiably restricts the scope of application of mediation in family conflicts. The mediator is forced to reveal the equality of the subjects of the disputed legal relations and the finished list of entities specified in the family law, with due regard for the specific type offamily-legal dispute. At the same time, the correlation of the characteristics of a particular dispute with specificity, reported in article 2 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation, is an important reference point, allowing to correctly identify the substance of the dispute and to create the optimal conditions for its settlement. In this regard, for the determination of family relationships, when deciding on the use of mediation, it is appropriate to establish in the law on mediation the existence of controversial relationships, concerning article 2 of the Family Code, but it does not allow to identify family relations with the relations, regulated by family legislation. To solve this problem it is suggested to use the basis of occurence of family relations, analysed in the article. Limiting the scope of mediation application with individual categories of legal disputes, the legislation overlooked the stage of their classification. A special problem is the definition of the sphere of family relations, that, as a rule, are defined as the relations regulated by family legislation. The family code does not disclose the meaning of the concept of «family members» and does not contain a finished list of subjects of the family relationship. It does not reflect specific features of a legal dispute. The definition of family legal relations only as relations, regulated by the family law, unjustifiably restricts the scope of application of mediation in family conflicts. The mediator is forced to reveal the equality of the subjects of the disputed legal relations and the finished list of entities specified in the family law, with due regard for the specific type offamily-legal dispute. At the same time, the correlation of the characteristics of a particular dispute with specificity, reported in article 2 of the Family Code of the Russian Federation, is an important reference point, allowing to correctly identify the substance of the dispute and to create the optimal conditions for its settlement. In this regard, for the determination of family relationships, when deciding on the use of mediation, it is appropriate to establish in the law on mediation the existence of controversial relationships, concerning article 2 of the Family Code, but it does not allow to identify family relations with the relations, regulated by family legislation. To solve this problem it is suggested to use the basis of occurence of family relations, analysed in the article.

Ограничивая сферу применения медиации отдельными категориями правовых споров, законодатель оставляет без внимания этап их квалификации. Особая проблема – определение сферы семейных правоотношений, которые как правило, определяются как отношения, регулируемые семейным законодательством. Семейный кодекс не раскрывает значения понятия «члены семьи» и не содержит закрытого перечня субъектов семейного правоотношения. В нем не отражена специфика правового спора. Определение семейных правоотношений только как отношений, урегулированных семейным законодательством, неоправданно ограничивает сферу применения медиации в семейных конфликтах. Медиатор вынужден выявлять тождество субъектов спорного правоотношения и приведенного исчерпывающего перечня субъектов, указанных в семейном законодательстве, с учетом конкретного вида семейно-правового спора. В то же время соотнесение особенностей конкретного спора со спецификой, отраженной в ст. 2 Семейного Кодекса РФ, является важным ориентиром, позволяя правильно обозначить существо спора и создать оптимальные условия для его урегулирования. В этой связи, для определения семейных правоотношений при решении вопроса о возможности применения медиации, представляется целесообразным установить в Законе о медиации области существования спорных отношений, соотнесенные со ст.2 СК РФ, но не допускающие отождествления семейных правоотношений с отношениями, урегулированным семейным законодательством. Для решения этой задачи предлагается использовать проанализированные в статье основания возникновения семейных отношений.