Использование палеопочв археологических памятников для реконструкции природной среды голоцена лесных и лесостепных регионов Восточной Европы и Западной Сибири

Abstract

The soils of the Russian and Western Siberia Plains were characterized by the contrasting evolution in the transitional zone from the forest to the steppe. The most famous phenomenon of the Holocene soil evolution is the second humus horizon (SH), which occurs in the profile of the Albeluvisols and other soils of the both plains. The complex use of the paleopedology and paleobotany methods allowed to install a meadow-steppe genesis of the initial soils – Chernozems, which served as a basis for the formation of the SH. This is clearly seen in the data of the studies of the soils (Chernozems and Phaeozems) which were buried under the ancient barrows. These barrows are located in the areas with SH at the Russian Plain. The beginning of Chernozems formation probably was in the Allerød. During the Atlantic and first half of Subboreal periods humus horizon of these Сhernozems reached great thickness. Well-expressed carbonate horizon and paleokrotoviny were formed. The degradation of the Chernozems actively flowed from the mid Subboreal, due to that, the forest rapidly advanced on the steppe. For the study of the genesis of the SH and evolution of the Western Siberia soils during the Holocene, it is necessary to carry out studies soils of the Bronze Age mounds, located in modern forest zone and owned by nomads-herders. It is necessary to continue the study of archaeological sites of the Great Plains that will clarify the natural and anthropogenic trends of evolution of the soils in the Holocene.

Представлены результаты изучения эволюции палеопочв курганов лесных и лесостепных регионов Восточной Европы и Западной Сибири.