Некоторые аспекты хозяйственной адаптации переселенцев в Черноморском округе (XIX – первая треть XX столетия)

Abstract

The article presents the economic problems of the natives’ (Circassians) and migrants’ (Russian, Armenians, Greeks and other peoples) adaptation in the late 19th and early 20th centuries on the Russian coast of the Black Sea. The Circassians traditional settlement and systems of subsistence in the first half of the ХIХth century were determined by high-altitude zoning and climatic conditions. Natural conditions significantly limited the level of development of the main economic sectors – agriculture, livestock, beekeeping. Russian administration strictly prevented the traditional practice of raiding and slave that were the main scope of the Circassias income. Most of Circassians were deported to Turkey. The rest were provided by land plots and integrated in trade relations with Russian people. Beginning of the mass migration in the Black Sea dates back to the second half of XIX – early XX century. The settlers (Armenians, Greeks, Estonians) had a centuries-old culture of an agriculture, horticulture and growing the industrial crops (tobacco). This was the determining factor in the migration policy of Russian administration. This contributed to the optimum economic adaptation of the immigrants. Sucheconomic specialization continued in the first third of the ХХth century.

Представлена история хозяйственной адаптации переселенцев Черноморского округа.