Кусинское художественное чугунное литье (1860–1917)

Abstract

В статье рассматривается дореволюционный этап появления и развития кусинского художественного чугунного литья. Предлагается и обосновывается новая дата появления художественного литья Кусы с 1860 г. – с момента зарождения местного чугунного производства (традиционно таковым считали 1883 г., когда появляется кабинетное литье). Анализируются предпосылки возникновения литья на Кусинском чугунолитейном заводе, влияние златоустовских мастеров, способствовавшее совершенствованию технических навыков кусинских модельщиков, формовщиков и чеканщиков.

The artistical cast-iron of Kusa appeared in the Urals and developed in parallel Kasli. Most researchers are paying more attention to the study of art Kasli cast-iron. Even at the time of D.I. Mendeleev he singled out in his book the artistical cast-iron of Kusa as a separate phenomenon. The article deals with the first stage of the emergence and development the artistical cast-iron of Kusa as from 1883 to 1917. In the article the preconditions of casting ironworks of Kusa, the influence of the Zlatoust masters, which contributed to the improvement of technical skills Kusa,s modellers, moulders and chasers. In 1883 came the first artistic casting in the form of desk products, which are small plastic forms. Fundamentals of excellence were established Zlatoust casters N.M. Murzin and I.S. Mandrykin. In the following guide ironworks of Kusa sent Zlatoust best graduates of national schools to study at the Stroganov School of Industrial Art: F.V. Vasenin, G.L. Zaitsev, A.K. Kosterk-ina, A.I. Avladeev. Assortment the artistical cast-iron of Kusa in 1898, 1900 and 1913 consists of 423 products. Products of Kusa participated in national and international artistic and industrial exhibitions (Ekaterinburg, 1887, Copenhagen 1888 ; Chicago, 1893, etc.). Knowing the plastic properties of cast-iron, master of the artical cast plausible handed him a simple thing, and adapted it for utilitarian purposes. The graduates of the Stroganov School of Industrial Art influenced the increase in literacy plastic the artistical cast-iron of Kusa. Thus, the period from 1883 to 1917 is characterized by the emergence of highly artistic products, deserved recognition. They formed their stylistic features of the artistical cast-iron of Kusa. By virtue of the art masters Kusa iron foundry, Kusa in this period was an important cultural center of artistic metal.