Государственное регулирование аграрной экономики советской России в условиях социальных девиаций новой экономической политики. институциональный аспект

Abstract

Предпринята попытка рассмотреть проблему воздействия Советского государства на крестьянство и аграрную экономику через призму анализа государственных институций, через дискурс организации государственной власти в течение цельного исторического периода новой экономической политики, а также проследить, как и на каких принципах формировалась модель (парадигма) управления, выявив при этом проблемы и парадоксы реализации формировавшейся модели.

This article studies the organization of managing the agrarian sector of the economy in the early years of the Soviet state, during the search for a new managerial algorithm and the foundation of state institutions, which later became the basis for a powerful state machine. In the framework of looking for a new concept of social management during the transition to a new economic policy, the author proposes defining the change in public administration as the formation of a new institutional design, which is based on political goal-setting (taking into account the interests of the power groups initiating this process) and implemented through a system of norms and institutions. The effectiveness of the changes in the institutional design depends on a number of issues: the development success of the transformations' program; the sequence of implementing actions by the power structures; and the reaction of the social environment (which is the target of the institutional changes), i.e., its support or rejection of introducing new institutions. In connection with the proposed research concept, this article considers the problem of the impact, which the Soviet state had on the peasantry and the agrarian economy, through the analysis of state institutions and the discourse of the state power organization during the whole historical period of the new economic policy. In addition, the author traces the ways and principles of forming the model (paradigm) of management, revealing the problems and paradoxes of implementing the emerging model. The results show that the construction of the state apparatus for agricultural management in the 1920s fully reflected the specifics of the Soviet power as a «party-state» system. The search for new governance structures was primarily in line with the tasks of stabilizing the new government. In the first half of the decade, these reasons led to the weakening of the centralization in agricultural management, which forced its intensification when the course of pluralism in the economy did not deliver the desired results in politics. By the mid-1920s, the agricultural management (along with the development of the new economic policy's principles) saw the predominance of new principles that went beyond the state regulation of production in individual peasant farming and then formed the foundation of its socialist restructuring. Certain changes happened in the system of the agricultural management bodies. Along with the existing ones, a system of new state institutions was created to manage the socialist sector of the agrarian economy.