Экологическая история провинциального российского города 1870-1917 гг. сквозь призму теории практик

Abstract

The article focuses on research of using the theory of practices in urban environmental history. Author analyzes how did traditional rural practices of nature management influence urban environment in Russian province in the late of the 19th – the early of the 20th centuries. Case-study of cities of Vologda and Novgorod governorates made it possible to establish that from the theory of practices’ stand point the urban environmental history of Russian province was the history of urban pollution. It is explained by preservation of peasant mentality in Russian provincial towns. First of all, it is related to the intention of urban dwellers to accumulate a household waste for fertilizing of fields or getting profit. That is why the theory allows us to understand citisens’ actions, who polluted urban environment. Moreover, it answers the question “why some territories had been more polluted, than others?” However, the theory of practices doesn’t explain problems of urban beautification, formation of sanitary inspection, and other conscious action of society that impact to the environment in cities. Accordingly, the author concludes that the theory of practices highlights only a few aspects of urban environmental history, but does not provide a complete picture of changes of sanitary conditions of the city environment.

Приведены результаты археологического исследования экологической истории провинциальных российских городов 1870-1917 гг.