Сакральное пространство и экологическая обстановка в системе жизнеобеспечения древних обществ

Abstract

This article provides analyzes the role of religious sites in the life and activity of ancient ethnic groups, as well as the identification of the moral and ethical standards in relation to nature. Many things are sacred in the early stages of human existence. This is reflected in the monuments related to the spiritual life of society – cemeteries and shrines. Mythological stories of archaic societies reveal man’s dependence on natural and climatic conditions. The harmonious coexistence of man and nature was possible only as a result of compliance with the collective set of rules. They regulate the animal production standards and restore the balance of nature by means of magic rites. The natural balance which was violated, then restored by the rituals of hunting magic. These included maintenance of industrial luck rituals and reconciliation with the slain beast, and rituals to ensure the reproduction of animals, the magic of fertility. Ritual actions were held at shrines dedicated to the forces of nature and sacred objects – spirits-owners, generic mountains, etc. The division of the world to «own» and «alien» is important and characteristic for ancient societies. The eternal problem of human – to make the surrounding space in «their» world. Sacredness of «their» territory guarantee the preservation of natural resources. Everywhere in archaic societies there is a pantheon of spirits of various host location. Sacred Grounds differentiated and received the «master», specialization of which must be successful in life support industry – hunting, fishing, gathering.

Приведены результаты археологического исследования систем жизнеобеспечения древних обществ.