Щука в рыболовстве жителей Тары в XVII-XIX вв. "Поздно щуке на сковороде вспоминать о воде"

Abstract

The article is devoted to one of the most dangerous predatory fishes in Western Siberia – a pike and ways of its production by inhabitants of Tara and Tarsky Priirtyshje in the XVII-XIX centuries. There were shown special tools of fishing of this predator on the basis of archaeological materials from excavations of the historic center of Tara. First of all, spinners were made from lead. Secondly, there was the treatment of pike or mining it at night time using spears or harpoons. The most effective way of production demanded participation of several people and could be carried out only in the second half of summer, so it complicated storage of a catch. On the basis of historical and ethnographic sources the analysis of seasonality of this type of fishery and value of this fish in a diet of Tara’s citizens were analyzed. The main periods of fishing of this fish were from May to September-October. According to trade sheets we learned the cost of a pike in the tarsky market and noted high cost of pike caviar. Fish from Tara’s market in the winter was sent to the cities of European Russia, and in Moscow and St. Petersburg. Russian national sayings characterize the attitude towards fish and emphasize the respect for it.

Приведены результаты археологического исследования рыболовства жителей Тары в XVII-XIX вв.