Пространственно-временные изменения территориальных общественных систем в Ямало-Ненецком автономном округе

Abstract

Масштабы сырьевого природопользования и его длительность в Ямало-Ненецком автономном округе приводят к трансформациям территориальных общественных систем. Целью исследования явилась пространственная оценка изменений территориальных общественных систем на основе материалов переписей населения с 1926 г. В разрезе выделенных статистиками районов пространственного развития региона в донефтегазовый период выполнена сравнительная историческая оценка социальных, экономических и экологических параметров. Предложены современные механизмы использования исторического опыта организации природопользования.

The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area is an Arctic resource-producing region, where oil and gas resources have been extracted for a long time. The study purpose is a spatial assessment of changes in territorial social systems on the basis of population census materials. With this aim, the author has completed sequentially 4 tasks: 1) assessment of the current network of the of settlement organization; 2) study of the historical parameters of the environmental management in the pre-oil-gas period; 3) identification of priority diversifying areas in the historical context; 4) determination of mechanisms for planning balanced long-term development. The data sources are the materials of the state population censuses of 1926, 1989, 2002, 2010 and 2021. Research methods: mathematical, geoinformation, historical. While solving the first task, the author has applied the Zipf rule to estimate the ratio of the urban population in the Autonomous Area in 1989, 2002, 2010, 2021. For the tasks 2-4, he has carried out a comparative spatial assessment of the development of economic subdistricts in 1926. Due to the Arctic conditions, the implementation of full-fledged socio-economic development of each of the directions requires the participation of state regional structures, including at the administration level for the safe traditional environmental management. Regulatory state management, first of all, is necessary in the field of reindeer herding and fishing. Mechanisms are proposed for the formation of certain types of environmental management as diversifying the economy of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area.