Социально-экологические характеристики развития нефтедобывающего Уватского района Тюменской области

Abstract

Уватский район Тюменской области относится к новым территориям добычи углеводородного сырья в РФ, что позволяет рассмотреть в хронологическом и хорологическом порядке. На основе статистических данных муниципальных баз данных Росстат, иных государственных информационных систем дан анализ динамике экологических и социальных показателей. Выявлено несоответствие проявившихся трендам комплексным интересам местных территориальных сообществ. Результаты сравнительного и сопоставительного анализа также позволяют определить необходимость в проведении соответствующих превентивных мероприятия на территории.

Uvatsky district belongs to the areas of new development, the active phase of which began already in the XXI century, which makes it possible to exclude the impact of Soviet principles of environmental management. Additionally, we note the uniqueness of the territory from the standpoint of the presence of ethnic camps of the Demyansk Khants. If the territories of traditional nature use were allocated in Ugra, and branch state farms were allocated in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, then similar processes were not recorded in the Uvatsky district.The purpose of the study is to identify social and environmental transformations in the resource-producing Uvatsky district of the Tyumen region. The object of the study is the territorial social systems of the territory for changes in social and environmental indicators. The materials of the study were municipal statistics presented in the Rosstat databases. The chronological series reflects data from 2009 to 2023, which corresponds to the period whenthe Uvat project reached its maximum capacity. To apply geoinformation measurements and obtain an up-to-date list of information on subsurface use, data from the Tyumen Region Geoportal were used. To compare information and reflect industry factors, specialized regional databases and reports of executive bodies of state power of the Tyumen Region, industry reporting in the field of subsoil use, international research materials were involved. Research methods: comparative, cartometric, chronological and chorological comparison. At the first stage of the study, information on the dynamics of environmental and social parameters was compared. At the second stage, information was compared with other municipalities of the Tyumen region (without autonomous districts), as well as oil- producing regions of foreign countries. The indicators of municipal statistics were differentiated into 2 groups: social and geoecological.Both absolute and relative values were used (the latter were taken either directly from municipal statistics databases or calculated additionally). The main requirement at the stage of selecting the indicator was the availability of information throughout the study period from 2009 to 2023.At the beginning of 2023, the basic production characteristics of subsurface use in the territory of the Uvatsky district can be described as reaching the design capacity. At the same time, the very structure of the distribution of hydrocarbon reserves reflects in the medium term the transition to the stage of falling production, which increases the need to take preventive measures to ensure the social stability of the territory.