Семантическое развитие предлога в результате (на материале Национального корпуса русского языка)

Abstract

Описано семантическое развитие отыменного предлога в результате с конца XVIII по начало XXI в. Исследованы этапы формирования современной системы значений предлога в результате на материале НКРЯ. Полученные выводы уточняют существующие лексикографические данные и позволяют утверждать, что система значений предлога в результате стабильно усложнялась в течение последних двух столетий и в современной речевой практике он реализуется как многозначный. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

The article explores the semantic evolution of the denominative preposition v rezul’tate during the 18th – early 21st centuries. Of particular concern is the problem of a lexicographic description of the lexical part of the meaning of denominative prepositions given their semantic evolution. The study achieves a comprehensive aim: the definitions of the preposition v rezul’tate as provided in contemporary Russian explanatory dictionaries, including dictionaries of functional words, were studied and compared, as well as its realization in speech throughout the period under review, based on the data available in the Russian National Corpus. The research is based on the analysis of data provided in specialized dictionaries, as well as examples of the use of v rezul ’tate in the main corpus of the Russian National Corpus, including 14,004 texts and 29,745 entries (without disambiguation of homonymy). What emerges from the results reported is a new approach to the lexicographic description of denominative prepositions (as in the case of v rezul’tate). Up-to-date lexico-semantic alternants (variants) of the polysemic preposition v rezul’tate are revealed, and the speech conditions of their realization are described. The authors have developed a project for a dictionary entry providing seven lexico-semantic alternants of the preposition under study. The use of contextual and component analysis methods made it possible to establish the basis for semantic differentiation of the variants of the preposition. The descriptive method allows for a comprehension of the changes in the system of meanings of the preposition v rezul ’tate, as well as the linguistic and extralinguistic conditions of its semantic evolution throughout the 19th-21st centuries. It is found that dictionaries systematically reflect the preposition v rezul ’tate as monosemantic. Despite the fact that dictionaries distinguish the semantics of cause, effect, and (indirectly) approval of an action or event for the preposition v rezul ’tate, the differentiation of its lexico-semantic alternants is not reflected in lexicographic resources. The analysis of the peculiarities of the use of this preposition in the Russian National Corpus from the end of the 18th century to the present time allows us to suggest that: 1) the preposition v rezul’tate can be considered a polysemant whose semes form independent lexico-semantic alternants; 2) the system of the preposition’s meanings has gradually but continuously increased in complexity over the past two centuries; 3) throughout the 19th - early 20th centuries (prior to the October Socialist Revolution), the adverbial use of v rezul ’tate was twice as common as its prepositional use, whereas at the present stage v rezul ’tate is more actively used as a prepositional unit. At the same time, the present-day predominance of its prepositional use over adverbial use is not as dramatic as in the case of some other prepositions having a similar adverbial origin. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.