Особенности традиционного питания коренного населения Чукотского полуострова в период модернизации

Abstract

It was established that despite the modernization of traditional economic way of life in the Arctic coastal villages of the Chukotka Peninsula seal fisheries is a basis of indigenous people. Products of seal fisheries are actively used by the indigenous population for food and household needs. By the example of two coastal villages, there is adherence of the native population to the traditional food that depends on age, nationality, level of education and occupation. It was revealed that elder people regularly eat meat of marine mammals, which is prepared according to their traditional cooking means (sour, air-cured or raw meat), younger people prefer an imported meat or boiled meat of marine animals. There are 70% of the Chukchi and only 40% of the Eskimos who keep eating in the traditional way. The respondents who are working in the service industry and, as a rule, have higher education level, they do not eat meat of marine mammals, that is cooked in traditional ways. There is heterogeneity of well-being among some of the indigenous people, that warrants their use surrogate food (meat of polar foxes that are raised in cages, in some settlements people also eat meat of dogs). There is tendency of modernization influences on lifestyle of the indigenous people through the light of the priority to traditional food in a village that is close to the “modern” type and village with more “traditional” lifestyle. It was established that the presence of socially active group of human beings among the indigenous people provides an adaptive potential for the changes in their traditional lifestyle which are inevitable in the contemporary time.

Приведены результаты этноархеологического исследования традиционного питания коренного населения чукотского полуострова в период модернизации.