Данные фольклора о происхождении селькупского оленеводства

Abstract

The origin issue of Selkup reindeer occupies a special place in Russian Siberian study and, as a rule, is put in the context of the West Siberian ethnogenesis [Gemuev, Pelikh, 1974; Prokofiev, 1976; Kozmin, 2003; Golovnev, 2005]. In this study, the author will not break the tradition, but will try to consider the origin of reindeer in the northern Selkup and its full perspective – based on folklore, which has not been made yet by none of the researchers. The main part of published Selkup folklore texts, which involve reindeer, quite large, but the author’s appeal to this topic became possible only after her field work in particular eight expeditions to the Tazovsky and Turukhansk Selkup – during such expeditions, missing items for the comprehensive review of material were collected. As a result of an analysis of folklore texts that are related to the theme Selkup reindeer, the following methods of appearance Selkup reindeer were identified: Selkups get reindeer as a trophy in the wars with the Nenets;Reindeers are bestowed to Selkups from above, but through a competition with the Nenets; The poor fisherman-hunter acquires reindeer, by tricking they take them from the rich and greedy kinsman;Reindeer are bestowed to hero-Selkup by magical character acting as a spirit herders’ neighbors, with whom hero had marital ties. The study confirms the well-known idea that reindeer and reindeer husbandry have been borrowed by Selkups, who came north from neighboring nations, primarily from the Nenets.

Рассмотрены вопросы происхождения оленеводства у северных селькупов по материалам фольклора.