Основные элементы системы жизнеобеспечения сибирской деревни XVIII в. по данным археологии

Abstract

On the basis of archaeological materials of two Russian settlements founded in the 17th century in Omsk Priirtyshje the main components of a life support system such as settlements and dwellings forming them, products of a diet and elements of costume complexes were considered. On the basis of landscape reconstruction of the dwellings and the analysis of their interposition in the Ananyino settlement an hypothesis of a possibility of accommodation in one of housing complexes of one family clan was made. Analysis of arrangement of constructions on the Izyuk settlement helped reveal street planning of the village. Planigrafy of both villages was subordinated to reservoirs along which they had been constructed. The diet consisted primarily of fish at the initial stage of existence of both villages. According to the written sources, residents of villages were engaged in agriculture and cattle breeding. It can be confirmed by archaeological materials. Fish continued to remain an additional source of food, but an important role was given to the hunting and collecting gifts of the wood. The leather footwear is the most studied among costume complexes. According to the archaeological materials we can allocate 10 types of them. For production of clothes different types of fabrics, both homespun and imported, were used. As an example of clothes diversity we can indicate different types of buttons. Rings and beads and earrings belong to jewelry. It was possible to wear woven and leather belts, iron zone buckles, bone crests. The life support system of the Siberian village in the 18th century was similar to the system of towns in many respects.

Приведены результаты археологического исследования системы жизнеобеспечения сибирской деревни 18 в.